Microdecompressive Percutaneous Endoscopy: Spinal Discectomy with New Laser Thermodiskoplasty for Non-Extruded Herniated Nucleosus Pulposus
John C. Chiu, M.D., Felix Negron, M.D., Thomas Clifford, M.D., Mark Greenspan, M.D., Robert A. Princethal, M.D.
Abstract
Open spinal discectomy, at times with spinal fusion, is associated with significant local morbidity and long-term convalescence, requires general anesthesia, and involves dissection of muscle, removal of bone, ligament and disc, which are all at greater financial cost. Therefore, the search for a less traumatic spinal discectomy began, including micro-discectomy, and percutaneous techniques and endoscopic discectomy. Lyman Smith reported intradiscal injection of chymopapain in 1964. Onik et al. developed the automated percutaneous discectomy device for continuous aspiration/irrigation of disc tissue in 1985. Hijikata et al also described nucleotomy independently in 1985. In 1986, Ascher and Choy first reported laser discectomy to decrease intradiscal pressure.